Cerium oxide serves as a widely employed material in diverse applications. Its remarkable chemical and physical properties provide to its versatility. For instance, cerium oxide is commonly used in catalytic converters to minimize harmful emissions from vehicles. Moreover, it finds application in the creation of polishing compounds due to its high

Gold sputtering targets are essential components in various thin-film deposition processes, owing to their exceptional attributes. These targets, often made of high-purity gold, are used in a sputtering system to generate an ionized plasma that deposits a thin layer of gold onto a substrate. The resulting gold films exhibit remarkable reflectivity,